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1. Forcing. A jump-shift by responder is forcing to at least game.
2. Nonforcing. If South has only six or seven points for his one-spade bid, he does not have to bid again.
3. Nonforcing. North's failure to jump-shift limits him to at most 18 points. South therefore can pass if he has a weak hand and prefers clubs to hearts.
4. Nonforcing. Ordinarily, a new suit bid by responder is forcing, but when responder has passed originally, the change-of-suit rule no longer applies.
5. Nonforcing. South may pass with six or seven points but should continue bidding with more than that.
6. Forcing. The mention of a new suit by responder below the game level is forcing, even opposite a preemptive opening bid.
7. Forcing. Just as the one-heart response is forcing, so is a second new suit named by responder. North might be tempted to pass with minimum values, but he will have a lot of explaining to do when it costs him a game or a slam.
8. Nonforcing. A jump to two notrump by opener indicates 18 or 19 points and may be passed if responder has a very weak (five- or six-point) hand.
Tomorrow: The art of discovery.
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