Another week, another quick lesson on the different parts of a plant. This week, we’re digging to the part that really grips the soil and helps feed the plant.

Carrots, parsnips, turnips, radishes and more are all types of exaggerated root crops, so everyone has an idea of what a plant root is.

When a seed splits to grow, the radicle (the beginning root) grows down to anchor the baby plant. All nourishment comes from either the cotyledons or the roots.

Some of the feedback I have received about my articles is that they are a bit technical. Without some of that, you may not fully understand the amazing and wonderful way plants grow, function and reproduce. So, please bear with me.

The root is divided into zones, depending on its function.

The end of the root is called the cap. This cap is made up of layers of cells that break open as the root pushes through the soil. The liquid in the cells lubricates the edge so the root can easily move. The end is called cell division because of this.

The next area is the zone of elongation, as the cells stretch to move and push the root along.

The third zone is called differentiation, as these cells make fine hairlike roots that absorb water, along with the nutrients needed. Water absorbed by the roots passes up through the stems and into the leaves. It carries nutrients picked up from the surrounding soil and feeds the plant cells for healthy growth.

If you have a soil test taken for your garden, you know that there may be amendments to be added to ensure the best soil for your plants.

There are macronutrients (needed in large amounts) all plants must have: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S). As well, there are micronutrients needed in small amounts: chlorine (Cl), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Really, the best way to think of it is like a potted plant.

There is only so much food for the plant. In the garden it works that same way.

Replenishment is necessary yearly. These nutrients are charged and are captured by the water and absorbed into the roots. This is how the plant is fed.

Properly working up the soil in your garden adds air space and space for water. This is also why watering your garden regularly is vital.

To put it simply, you need to feed your garden so it can feed you.

Hughes is an Ohio State University Extension Master Gardener Volunteer in Mahoning County.